The GANDER (& GANDAR)

The GANDER (& GANDAR)

One-Name Study

One-Name Study

 

Timeline

1642-1700

1642 First Civil War in England (to 1649)
1649 King Charles I executed
1649-1660 Commonwealth Period - Oliver Cromwell
1651-1652 The second English Civil War
1660 Restoration Period
- Commonwealth registers ended, Parish Registers resumed
1663 Earliest Roman Catholic registers
1665 Great Plague of London
1666 Great Fire of London
- Act of Parliament - burials to be in woollen
1668 British East India Company obtains control of Bombay
1684 Huguenot registers begin in London
1685 Monmouth rebellion and battle of Sedgemoor
- Revocation of the Edict of Nantes - drove thousands of Protestants (Huguenots) from France
1688 Nov: James II abdicates - William of Orange lands at Torbay on 5 Nov - William III and Mary II, daughter of James II, jointly take the throne
1689 Deposed James II flees to Ireland - defeated at the Battle of the Boyne (1 Jul 1690)
1696 Act of Parliament establishes Workhouses
1698 Duties (taxes) on entries in parish registers - repealed after five years
1700 population in England and Scotland approx 7.5 million

1701-1750

1702 Anne Stuart becomes Queen
1707 Union with Scotland
1708 First Jacobite rising in Scotland
1710 Tax on Apprentice Indentures
1712 Last trial for witchcraft in England (Jane Wenham)
1714 Queen Anne Stuart dies - George I Hanover becomes king (1714-1727)
1715 Jacobite rebellion in Scotland, under the Old Pretender
1719 Third abortive Jacobite rising
1721 Robert Walpole (Whig) becomes first Prime Minister (to 1742)
1723 The Workhouse Act or Test - to get relief, a poor person has to enter Workhouse
1727 George I dies - George II Hanover becomes king
1729 Methodists begin at Oxford
1730 Irish famine
1732 Earliest Cavalry and Infantry Muster Rolls
1733 Law forbidding the use of Latin in parish registers generally obeyed - some continued in Latin for a few years
1738 Earliest Calvinistic Methodist registers
1739 Dick Turpin, highwayman, hanged at York
1741 Benjamin Ingham founded the Moravian Methodists or Inghamites - Earliest Moravian registers
1743 Battle of Dettingen - last time a British sovereign (George II) led troops in battle
1745 Jacobite rebellion in Scotland ('The Forty-five')
1746 Battle of Culloden - last battle fought in Britain
1748-1756 Countess of Huntington's (Calvinistic) Methodist Connexion founded

1751-1800

1751 decision to adopt Gregorian Calendar in 1752: so 1752 started on 1 January and 1751 was a short year.
1752 - 3 Sep: Julian Calendar dropped and Gregorian Calendar adopted in England and Scotland, making this 14 Sep
1753 Earliest Inghamite registers
1754 Hardwicke Act (1753): Banns to be called, and Printed Marriage Register forms to be used - Quakers & Jews exempt
- First printed Annual Army Lists
1755 Publication of Dictionary of the English Language by Dr Samuel Johnson
1756 The Seven Years War with France (Pitt's trade war) begins
1760 George II dies - George III Hanover, his grandson, becomes king
- Beginning of intense Inclosure Acts in England
1762 Earliest Unitarian registers
1764 Lloyd's Register of shipping first prepared
- Practice of numbering houses introduced to London
1765 Stamp Act passed - imposed a tax on publications and legal documents in the American colonies
1769 Capt James Cook maps the coast of New Zealand
1770 Capt James Cook lands in Australia (Botany Bay) formally claims Australia for Britain
1772 First Navy Lists published
1775 Battle of Lexington: first action in American War of Independence (1775-1783)
1776 American Declaration of Independence
- Somerset House in London becomes the repository of records of population
1780 The Gordon Riots
- Earliest Wesleyan registers
1781 Lord Cornwallis's army surrenders to George Washington; ends the American War of Independence
1783 Duty payable on Parish Register entries (3d per entry - repealed 1794) - led to a fall in entries
1788 First convicts (and free settlers) arrive in New South Wales - the 'First Fleet'
1789 14 Jul: The French Revolution begins - storming of the Bastille
1791 Establishment of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain
1793 England declares war on France (1793-1802)
- Execution of Louis XVI - Reign of Terror starts in France
1795 Speenhamland Act proclaims that the Parish is responsible for bringing up the labourer's wage to subsistence level
1798 The Irish Rebellion; 100,000 peasants revolt; approximately 25,000 die - Irish Parliament abolished
- Battle of the Nile (won by Nelson)
1799 'Combination Laws' in Britain against political associations and combinations
1800 Parliamentary union of Great Britain and Ireland
- Earliest Bible Christian registers

1801-1850

1801 First census puts the population of England and Wales at 9,168,000 - population of Britain nearly 11 million (75% rural)
1802 Treaty of Amiens signed by Britain, France, Spain, and the Netherlands
1803 Peace of Amiens ends on 12 May - resumption of war with France - The Napoleonic Wars (1803-18l5)
1805 - 21 Oct: Nelson's victory at Trafalgar
1806 Earliest Primitive Methodist registers
1807 Parliament passes Act prohibiting slavery and the importation of slaves from 1808 - but does not prohibit colonial slavery
1808 Peninsular War (1808-1814)
- Beginning of 'Luddite' troubles in England
1810 Bible Christians denomination formed by schism in Wesleyan Methodists
1811 Prince of Wales (future George IV) made Regent after George III deemed insane
1812 Prime Minister, Spencer Perceval, assassinated
- Napoleon retreats from Moscow
1813 Rose's Act (1812) established a printed format for baptism & burial registers
1814 Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba
1815 - 1 Mar: Napoleon escapes Elba; arrives in France
- 18 Jun: The Battle of Waterloo: Napoleon defeated and exiled to St. Helena
1819 Peterloo Massacre at Manchester
1820 Accession of George IV, previously Prince Regent
1821 Napoleon Bonaparte dies on St Helena
- Populations: France 30.4M, German States 26M, Britain 20.8M, Italian States 18M, Austria 12M, the USA 9.6M
1824 Pitt's Combination Acts repealed (Trades Unions allowed)
1829 Earliest Irvingite registers
1830 George IV dies - his brother, William IV, accedes to the throne
- Agricultural 'Swing' Riots in southern England, repressed with many transportations
1833 Factory Act forbids employment of children below age of 9
1834 Slavery abolished in British possessions
- Poor Law amendment, tightening up relief
- Tolpuddle Martyrs transported (to Australia) for Trades Union activities
1835 Earliest Universalist registers
1836 First Potato famine in Ireland
1837 William IV dies - accession of Queen Victoria (to 1901)
- 1 Jul: Compulsory registration of Births, Marriages & Deaths in England & Wales - Registration Districts were formed
1840 Last convicts landed in NSW (some say 1842 or 1849)
1841 6 Jun: First full census in Britain in which all names were recorded
- Population: Britain 18.5M, USA 17M, Ireland 8M
1842 Civil Registration in Channel Islands started
- Illustrated London News published
1844 Outdoor Relief Prohibition Order - parish relief received only in a workhouse
1848 General revolutionary movement throughout the Continent ('Year of Revolution')
- Marx and Engels The Communist Manifesto

1851-1900

1851 - 30 Mar: Second full British Census
1852 Tasmania ceases to be a convict settlement
1854 Allied armies land in Crimea
1855 Registration of births, marriages & deaths made compulsory in Scotland
1856 End of Crimean War
1857 London postal districts introduced
1857-8 Indian Mutiny
1858 Proving of Wills taken out of ecclesiastical jurisdiction
1861 American Civil War begins
- 7 Apr: Third full British Census
- Prince Albert dies
- Populations: Russia 76M, USA 32M, Italy 25M, Britain 23M
1864 Civil Registration in Ireland starts
- Civil Registration of marriages in Isle of Man starts
1865 End of American Civil War - slavery abolished in USA
1867 Dominion of Canada founded
1868 Last British election for which Poll Books available
- Last convicts landed in (Western) Australia
1871 - 2 Apr: Fourth full British census
- Trades Unions legalised in Britain, but picketing made illegal
- Commissions in British armed forces no longer to be purchased
1872 Secret Ballot introduced in Britain (no further Poll Books produced)
- Penalties introduced for failing to register births, marriages & deaths (Eng. & Wales)
1874 Disraeli and the Tories come to power in Britain - pass 11 major Acts of social reform in next 2 years
- First Trades Union MP is elected
- Factory Act introduces 56-hour week
1876 Victoria proclaimed Empress of India
1879 Zulu war
1880 Greenwich Mean Time adopted throughout UK
1881 - 3 Apr: Fifth full British Census
- First Boer War - Transvaal independence recognised
- Flogging abolished in Army and Royal Navy
1883 Married Women's Property Act of 1882 becomes law
1887 Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee
1891 5 Apr: Sixth full British Census
1893 Keir Hardy founds Independent Labour Party
1897 Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee
1899-1902 Second Boer War
1900 Relief of Ladysmith
- Relief of Mafeking

1901-1960

1901 Commonwealth of Australia founded
- Queen Victoria dies - Edward VII king
- 31 Mar: Seventh full British Census
1902 Second Boer War ends
1906 Labour Party formed
1907 New Zealand becomes a Dominion
1909 Old Age Pensions Act came into force
1910 Union of South Africa formed - Botha first Prime Minister
- Edward VII dies - George V king
1911 - 2 Apr Census: Pop. Eng.&Wales 36M, Scot. 4.6M, North.Ire. 1.25M
1912 The Titanic sinks on maiden voyage - loss of 1,513 lives
- Captain Scott's last expedition - he and his team die on way back from the south pole
1913 Suffragette demonstrations in London
1914 -1918 First World War (The Great War)
1914 - 28 Jun: Archduke Ferdinand assassinated in Sarajevo
- 4 Aug: Britain declares war on Germany
- Oct-Nov: Battle of Ypres - beginning of trench warfare on western front
- First Zeppelin air raid on England
1915 - Apr-May: Second Battle of Ypres - poison gas used for first time
- 25 Apr: Gallipoli campaign starts
- 7 May: RMS Lusitania sunk by German submarine off coast of Ireland - 1,198 died
- Coalition Government formed in Britain under Asquith
1916 - Feb-Dec: Battle of Verdun - appalling losses on both sides
- 24 Apr: Easter Rising in Ireland
- 31 May-1 Jun: Battle of Jutland - only major naval battle between the British and German fleets
- 1 Jul: Battle of the Somme starts - first use of tanks by Britain
- Compulsory military service introduced in Britain
1917 - February revolution in Russia; Tsar Nicholas abdicates
- USA declares war on Germany
- 16 Apr: Lenin returns to Russia after exile
- Jul-Nov: Battle of Passchendaele
- October Revolution in Russia - Bolsheviks overthrow provisional government; Lenin becomes Chief Commissar
1918 - Jul-Aug: Second Battle of the Marne: last major German offensive
- 11 Nov: Armistice signed
- War of Independence in Ireland
- World-wide 'flu epidemic
1919 Treaty of Versailles
1920 First meeting of the League of Nations
1921 - 19 Jun: Census: Pop. Eng. & Wales 37.9M, Scot. 4.9M, North. Ire. 1.25M
- Irish Free State and Northern Ireland formed
1922 Fall of Lloyd-George coalition
- Law of Property Act - the manorial system effectively ended
1923 Mussolini becomes dictator of Italy
- Canberra made Federal Capital of Australia
1924 First Labour government, headed by Ramsay MacDonald
- Death of Lenin; succeeded by Stalin
1925 Adolf Hitler writes Mein Kampf
1926 - 26 Apr: General Strike begins, till 12 May (mine workers for 6 months more)
- Adoption of children is legalised in Britain
1928 Women over 21 get vote in Britain - same qualification for both sexes
1929 Abolition of Poor Law system in Britain
- Minimum age for a marriage in Britain (which had been 14 for a boy and 12 for a girl) now 16 for both sexes, with parental consent (or a licence) needed for anyone under 21
1930 First Nazis elected to the German Reichstag
- R101 airship disaster - British abandons airship construction
1931 - 26 Apr Census: Pop. Eng.&Wales 40M, Scot. 4.8M, North.Ire. 1.24M (but details destroyed by fire during WW2)
- Statute of Westminster: British Dominions become independent sovereign states
1933 Hitler becomes German Chancellor
1934 Hitler becomes Fuehrer of Germany
- Mao Tse-tung's 'Long March' starts in China
1935 Italy invades Abyssinia
1936 - 20 Jan: George V dies; Edward VIII king
- 18 Jul: Spanish Civil War starts
- 5 Dec: Edward VIII abdicates Duke of York becomes George VI
1937 Chamberlain becomes Prime Minister in Britain
- German planes bomb Guernica in Spain
- Japanese forces invade China
1938 Germany invades and annexes Austria
- Chamberlain visits Hitler in Munich - promises 'peace in our time'
1939 Germany annexes Czechoslovakia
- 1 Sep: Germany invades Poland
- 3 Sep: Britain and France declare war on Germany at 5pm
- 6 Sep: First air-raid on Britain
- 11 Sep: British Expeditionary Force sent to France
- 14 Oct: HMS Royal Oak sunk in Scapa Flow with loss of 810 lives
1940 - 11 May: National Government formed under Churchill
- 24 May: Germany invades France
- 27 May-4 Jun: Evacuation of British Army at Dunkirk
- 25 Jun: Fall of France
- 7 Sep: Germany launches bombing blitz on Britain
- 15 Sep: Battle of Britain in the air ends with British victory
- Trotsky assassinated on Stalin's orders
1941 No census - total British population estimated at 48.2M
- 22 June: Germany invades Russia
- 7 Dec: Japan attacks US fleet at Pearl Harbour
- Britain introduces severe rationing
1942 - 30 May: Over 1,000 bombers raid Cologne
- 4 Jun: Battle of Midway
- 19 Aug: Abortive raid on Dieppe, largely by Canadian troops
- 6 Sep: Germans defeated at Stalingrad
- 23 Oct-4 Nov: Battle of El Alamein - Montgomery defeats Rommel
1943 - May: 'Dam Buster' raids on Ruhr dams by RAF
- 24 Jul: Allies invade Italy - Benito Mussolini resigns as Italian Dictator
1944 - 4 Jun: Allies enter Rome
- 6 Jun: D-Day invasion of Normandy
-12 Jun: First V1 flying bombs hit London
- 8 Sep: First V2 rocket bombs hit London
- 11 Sep: Allies enter Germany
- 16 Dec: Battle of the Bulge: German counter-offensive
1945 Yalta Conference between Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin
- 25 Apr: Berlin surrounded by Russian troops
- 30 Apr: Hitler commits suicide
- 8 May: Victory in Europe Day
- 6 Aug: Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima
- 9 Aug: Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki
- 15 Aug: Victory in Japan Day
- 2 Sep: Japanese surrender
1946 First session of new United Nations Organisation
1947 India gains independence: sub-continent partitioned to form India and Pakistan
1948 Gandhi assassinated
- Apartheid starts in South Africa
- Berlin airlift starts
- National Health Service begins in Britain
1949 Russians lift the Berlin blockade
- 1950 Points rationing ends in Britain
- Petrol rationing ends in Britain
- Korean War starts (to 27 Jul 1953)
- Soap rationing ends in Britain
1951 Census: Pop. Eng.& Wales 43.7M, Scot. 5M. North.Ire. 1.37M
1952 George VI dies
- End of tea rationing in Britain
1953 Sweet rationing ends in Britain
- Everest conquered by Hillary and Tensing
- Coronation of Elizabeth II
- Sugar rationing ends in Britain (after nearly 14 years)
- Death of Stalin: Malenkov becomes Premier of USSR
- End of the Korean War
1954 Food rationing officially ends in Britain
1956 Britain and France invade Suez
1957 Sputnik I launched by Soviet Union - first artificial satellite
1959 Postcodes introduced in Britain
1960 Sharpeville Massacre in South Africa

Archdeaconry Court of Lewes - various

« Return to Wills and Admons Main Page «
« Return to Wills and Admons - Sussex «

Summary of Will: Reference 79-293

Thomas GANDER of Slaugham, tailor:

Leaves everything to his wife Anne then to be divided amongst his children. There is reference to "wellbeloved son(s?) Thomas GANDER and Gerald WHELLER" - latter also Witness plus Thomas BOURDDING

Made: 6 Feb 1600/1
Proved: 26 Feb 1600/1.

« Return to Wills and Admons - Sussex

Summary of Will: Reference 10-266

Francis GANDER of Shermanbury, husbandman.

No children at time of Will - "if my wife be with child".

2 Godchildren - not named.

Probate to Ann GANDER.

Made: 15 Apr 1612
Proved: 20 April 1612.

« Return to Wills and Admons - Sussex

Summary of Will: Reference 12-8

Thomas GANDER husbandman of Cuckfield.

Left twelve pence to:
Thomas GANDER
Richard GANDER
Margaret GANDER
Tomazine GANDER

Remainder to his wife Margaret GANDER, she also appointed Executrix

Made: 1 Mar 1618
Proved: 15 Mar 1619 (or 1618?)

« Return to Wills and Admons - Sussex

Summary of Will: Reference A34/6

Edward GANDER of Beeding.

I give my son-in-lawe Richard AGATE five (or fifteen?) shillings.

I give my grandson John AGATE son of Richard AGATE (?seven) shillings.

I give unto my daughter Charlotte the sum of 20 shillings with three months after my decease.

The remains of personal estate, goods and chattels whatsoever wheresoever unto my dear and loving wife Editha GANDER - she also made sole executrix.

Witnesses:
John BLACKNELL jnr
Henry [ ............ ]

Made: 9 Feb 1673/4
Proved: 14 May 1674

« Return to Wills and Admons - Sussex

Summary of Will: Reference A40/161

George GANDER, flax dresser of East Grinstead, Sussex.

To sell all my goods and chattels to pay my debts.

What goods remain after debts paid and funeral I give to my three children: Francis GANDER, Henry GANDER and Ann GANDER equally divided between them.

I make my loving daughter Ann sole executrix.

Witnesses:

Edward BENNETT
Robert MATTHEWS
Edward [ ........... ].

Proved: 1691.

« Return to Wills and Admons - Sussex

Summary of Admons: Reference 194 (Ref. needs checking?)

Richard GANDER of Cuckfield.

Beneficiary seems to be Elliott WOOD.

Administration Order made: 1729.

« Return to Wills and Admons - Sussex

Summary of Will: Reference A62/92

Henry GANDER of Hurstpierpoint.

Mentions wife Ann GANDER and children Christiana, John, Ann and ('not of age')Henry GANDER.

« Return to Wills and Admons - Sussex

Summary of Will: Reference A64/81

Henry GANDER Widower of East Grinstead.

All goods and chattels to sister-in-law Elizabeth TAYLOR, cousin Joseph TAYLOR and they also made joint executors.

To pay legacies to sister Ann JENNER £10 in one year, sister-in-law Ann TAYLOR widow £5 in one year, cousin George OWEN £ in one year, cousin John CHART £5 in one year, cousin Henry (?surname) £10 and silver oint pot in one year, Mary GEARE £1 and one shilling in one year.

Witnesses:
Wm HEAD
James BURT
Jonas KNIGHT

Made: 23 Sep 1779
Proved: 23 Oct 1779 - by oath, Joseph TAYLOR power to Elizabeth TAYLOR.
NB: very weak film

« Return to Wills and Admons - Sussex «

Summary of Admons: Reference 1321/23

William GANDER of Ditchling.

Died intestate.

Ann GANDER was widow and Relict.

Inventory of Goods made - available at the National Archives (formerly the Public Record Office), Kew under Reference IR26/318/64.

Administration Order made: 7 February 1805.

« Return to Wills and Admons - Sussex

Summary of Will: Reference A71/638

Thomas GANDER of Bexhill carrier.

Wife Nahomy GANDER - Messuage Bexhill.

John COLMAN of Bexhill farmer made executor.

After decease of my wife to sell for my 2 children George and Jane at 21.

Son may make offer to buy waggons and carts.

Son George to have my new bureau and Jane a silver watch, wife to have bonds and bills etc.

Made: 7 May 180(8?).
Proved 15 December 1813.
NB: Very faint film.

« Return to Wills and Admons - Sussex «

Summary of Will: Reference A71/919

James GANDER of Hurstpierpoint, Yeoman.

3 sons Henry GANDER, William GANDER and Charles GANDER receive £100 after one year.

Grandchild Lydia (daughter of late son Thomas GANDER) to receive £100 at age 21.

Daughter-in-law Ann widow (living with me) and Frances MAY of Brighthelmstone spinster (reputed daughter of my late deceased son Francis GANDER) to receive £20.

All rest of Real Estate and copyhold, freehold to son James GANDER who is also made Executor.

Witnesses:
Thomas MORGAN
Henry MUZZER
Richard BACHELOR.

Under £800

Made: 6 Mar 1813.
Proved 6 December 1814.

« Return to Wills and Admons - Sussex «

Summary of Will: Reference A80/597

James GANDER of Brighton, gentleman.

After debts paid legacies to copyhold house, shop and garden in Hurstpierpoint, freehold house in Dean Street Brighton (own occupancy) and rights to George HILL of Cowfold publican in trust for Mary wife of Stephen LYNN of Amelia Street Walworth Road Surrey for life, to receive rents (own use) then to beneficiaries of her will.

Freehold house Gardener Street, Brighton, No. 12 Richmond buildings and rights to Sarah HEDGECOCK widow of Philip HEDECOCK of Henfield, Sussex.

Freehold house No.13 Richmond buildings, Brighton, and 2 freehold houses in Laurel Place (or Row) and rights to William Heaseman STEELE and heirs.

£80 to Frances ROSSER wife of John ROSSER a stableman of [ ....... ], Middlesex.

Rest to Mary LYNN and Sarah HEDGECOCK and William HEASEMAN STEELE (children of my deceased wife).

If George HILL dies then Mary LYNN to appoint another trustee.

Old friend John POCOCK gardener, Brighton, parish clerk - made sole executor.

Witness: Edward CORNFORD solr, Brighton.

Made: 7 January 1840.
Proved: 9 February 1841.

« Return to Wills and Admons - Sussex «

Summary of Will: Reference: A84/496

James GANDER of Henfield, Gardener, wife Martha.

Children - John GANDER given £75 and Martha Ann WARD (deceased) - the latters unnamed children would have remainder of James' estate at 21 years of age.

Made: 1853

« Return to Wills and Admons - Sussex «

Summary of Will: Reference A84/1071

James GANDER of Brighton, Carrier.

All real estate to wife Penelope and after her decease to pass to his children.

Wife Penelope GANDER and Mr John BLAKER, Coachmaker, Regent Street, made Executors.

Witnesses:
Jesse KNIGHT
John BLAKER

Made: 11 July 1845
Proved: 28 November 1854.

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« Return to Wills and Admons - Sussex «